Monday, November 30, 2009
The revolution will not be televised-Hugo Chavez movie
Sunday, November 29, 2009
60 Minutes Takes On Congo's Conflict Minerals - All-New Tonight!
We've gotten word that, after an eventful trip to eastern Congo in June and many months in production, an all-new segment called CONGO GOLD will air on CBS’ 60 Minutes tonight, Sunday, November 29. Enough’s John Prendergast traveled to war-torn region with the 60 Minutes film crew to investigate and capture on camera the connection between the mining of gold and other precious minerals in eastern Congo and the violence that has contributed to the deaths of over 4.5 million people in the past decade.
Here’s how JP described their trip in an op-ed for the Boston Globe:
Please tune in and spread the word among your friends and family. After the show, visit Enough’s special page to find out ways we can all help bring the suffering of the Congolese people to an end.
Saturday, November 28, 2009
Changing the constitution to remain in power
Bouteflika has had three five-year mandates, starting with his election in 1999. The next elections are due in 2014.
Compaoré, who took power in a coup in 1987, was elected in 1991 and has been re-elected twice. The next presidential elections are scheduled for 2010.
The National Assembly voted in 2008 to change the 1996 constitution to remove the limit of two presidential terms, allowing President Paul Biya to run for re-election in 2011.
Biya assumed the presidency upon the resignation of his predecessor in 1982 and was subsequently elected (as the sole candidate) in 1984 and 1988. He was re-elected again in 1992 in the country’s first multiparty presidential election, then re-elected in 1997 and 2004.
Elected in 1996 after a new constitution, Deby was re-elected in 2001 and 2006. Next presidential elections are set for 2011.
Omar Bongo took power in 1967 and was then elected in 1973, 1979 and 1986. A multiparty system was introduced in 1991, under which he was re-elected in 1993, 1998 and 2005. Bongo died in 2009 after 42 years in power, the world's longest-serving ruler. Elections have been scheduled for August 30.
Nujoma's successor, President Hifikepunye Pohamba, was elected in 2004. Next elections will take place in November 2009.
President Tandja Mamadou was elected to power in 1999 and reelected in 2004. Next presidential elections are in November 2009.
President Umaru Yar'Adua was elected in 2007. The next elections are expected to take place in 2011.
After the death of President Gnassingbe Eyadama in February 2005, the army put his son Faure Gnassingbe into office. After an outcry, Faure Gnassingbe resigned and called an election, which he won. The next elections are scheduled for 2010.
Ben Ali assumed the presidency in 1987, was elected in 1989 and re-elected in 1994 as the only candidate. Alternative candidates were allowed for the first time in 1999, but Ben Ali won with 99.66% of the vote in 1999 and with 94.48% of the vote in 2004. Next elections are scheduled for October 25.
Yoweri Museveni took power in 1986 and held elections, which he won, in 1996. He was re-elected in 2001 and 2006. Next elections are in 2011.
Chiluba’s successor, Levy Mwanawasa died in office in 2008. He was succeeded by his vice president, Rupiah Banda, who was then elected to the post in October of the same year. Next elections are to take place in 2011.
UN-backed forces failed to disarm Rwandan rebels, say experts
In a major report for the United Nations Security Council, unpublished but seen by AFP, researchers said Congolese, Rwandan and UN forces have tried to disarm the FDLR rebels, who still pose a potent threat to regional stability, but have failed to impose order in a region still wracked by faction fighting.
"This report concludes that military operations against the FDLR have failed to dismantle the organisation's political and military structures on the ground in eastern DRC," the detailed 93-page document begins.
The report also alleges that the FDLR is managing to recruit fighters using profits from a corrupt international trade in minerals.
The militia sprang up in camps in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) housing mainly ethnic Hutu refugees who fled Rwanda after their leaders launched the 1994 genocide, which left some 800,000 people dead.
The campaign has been undermined by corruption and brutality within the official Congolese armed forces and by the FDLR's ability to fund its campaigns through the international mineral trade, it says.
Companies are buying minerals from jungle mines controlled and operated by Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) cadres, while middlemen are smuggling millions of dollars in gold to Dubai every year.
The document was researched on the ground in Congo and the region over six months by a five-strong stream of experts hired by UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon in order to prepare a report for Security Council members.
It calls on international governments to step up measures to stifle the FDLR support network, which includes members of the Rwandan diaspora based in Europe and North America and foreign sympathisers in Catholic charities.
The experts also warn that since March an offensive against the militia by Congolese forces, some of whose officers have supplied weapons to the rebels, has made life even worse for the beleaguered civilian population.
"Scores of villages have been raided and pillaged, thousands of houses have been burnt and several hundred thousand people have been displaced in order to escape from the violence generated by these military operations," it says.
Official Congolese records show only a few kilos of gold exported legally every year, but the country's own senate estimates that in reality 40 tonnes a year -- worth 1.24 billion dollars -- gets out.
The UN report details how both the anti-Rwandan government FDLR and their enemies in pro-Kigali militias use the same ethnic Indian middlemen to smuggle gold to souks in the United Arab Emirates.
It also says the FDLR profits from the export of cassiterite.
In September, the British group AMC said it would stop buying Congolese cassiterite, insisting the trade was legal but complaining of "negative campaigning from advocacy groups and adverse coverage."
The UN experts also "collected information on individuals affiliated with the Catholic Church and other religious and charitable organisations ... who provide financial and material support to the FDLR."
This is said to include "regular financial, logistical and political support from individuals" linked to two Spanish organisations, including the Fundacio S'Olivar, which is funded by the government of the Balearic Islands.
The islands' regional parliament issued a statement defending the Fundacio, denying that it supports armed groups and insisting that it works "in defence of peace, justice and solidarity, always applying pacifist principles."
Meanwhile, FDLR leaders command their troops from the safety of Europe.
"Some of these supporters and leaders are suspected participants in the 1994 Rwandan genocide," the report says, going on to detail telephone traffic and cash transfers between exiled Rwandan politicians and militia warlords.
The experts tracked down 240 calls between German-based FDLR leader Ignance Murwanashyaka and militia commanders in Congo, while these commanders were in turn in touch with contacts in 25 countries in Europe and America.
The report was addressed to the chairman of the UN Security Council committee on September 9. It is not known when it will be published.
Situation in Uganda according to ICC
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English - French
Decision to open investigation - 29.07.2004
English - French
ICC-02/04-01/05 | |
Case The Prosecutor v. Joseph Kony, Vincent Otti, Okot Odhiambo and Dominic Ongwen |
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Joseph Kony | ||||||||
Alleged Commander-in-Chief of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). | ||||||||
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Vincent Otti | ||||||||
Alleged Vice-Chairman and Second-in-Command of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). | ||||||||
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Okot Odhiambo | ||||||||
Alleged Deputy Army Commander of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). Alleged Brigade Commander of Trinkle and Stockree Brigades of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). | ||||||||
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Dominic Ongwen | ||||||||
Alleged Brigade Commander of the Sinia Brigade of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). | ||||||||
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Raska Lukwiya | ||||||||
Alleged Deputy Army Commander of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). | ||||||||
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According to the decision of Pre-Trial Chamber II, N° : ICC-02/04-01/05-248 of 11 July 2007, to terminate the proceedings against Raska Lukwiya, the warrant of arrest is rendered without effect therefore the name of Raska Lukwiya has been removed from the case. |
Situation in the Central African Republic according to ICC
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English - French
Decision to open investigation - 22.05.2007
English - French
ICC-01/05 -01/08 | Pre-trial |
Case The Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo |
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Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo | ||||||||
Born on 4 November 1962 in Bokada, Equateur Province, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | ||||||||
National of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | ||||||||
Alleged President and Commander-in-chief of the Mouvement de libération du Congo (Movement for the Liberation of Congo) (MLC). | ||||||||
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Situation in Democratic Republic of the Congo according to ICC
English - French
Decision to open investigation - 23.06.2004
English - French
ICC-01/04-01/06 | Trial |
Case The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo |
Thomas Lubanga Dyilo | ||||||||||
Born on 29 December 1960 in Djiba, in the district Ituri. | ||||||||||
National of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | ||||||||||
Alleged founder of Union des Patriotes Congolais (UPC) and the Forces patriotiques pour la libération du Congo (FPLC); Alleged former Commander-in-Chief of the FPLC, since September 2002 and at least until the end of 2003. Alleged president of the UPC. | ||||||||||
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ICC-01/04-01/07 | Trial |
Case The Prosecutor v. Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui |
Germain Katanga, also known as "Simba" | ||||||||||
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National of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | ||||||||||
Alleged commander of the Force de résistance patriotique en Ituri (FRPI). | ||||||||||
Prosecution application for a warrant of arrest: 25 June 2007. | ||||||||||
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Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui | ||||||||||
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National of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. | ||||||||||
Alleged former leader of the Front des nationalistes et intégrationnistes (FNI). | ||||||||||
Prosecution application for a warrant of arrest: 25 June 2007. | ||||||||||
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Counts Germain Katanga and Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui allegedly jointly committed through other persons, within the meaning of article 25(3)(a) of the Statute: War crimes:
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ICC-01/04-02/06 | Pre-trial |
Case The Prosecutor v. Bosco Ntaganda |
Bosco Ntaganda | ||||||||
| Alleged Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Forces Patriotiques pour la Libération du Congo (FPLC). Alleged Chief of Staff of the Congrès national pour la défense du people (CNDP) armed group, active in North Kivu in the DRC. | |||||||
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Wednesday, November 25, 2009
UN 'failing' in Congo says own report
The world's largest and most expensive United Nations peacekeeping force has failed to stop militia attacks which have killed tens of thousands of people in the Democratic Republic of Congo, according to a report from the UN itself
Published: 5:22PM GMT 25 Nov 2009
As UN Enables Rapists in Congo, Supports Guinea's Dictator, Ban Preaches Without Questions
By Matthew Russell Lee
UNITED NATIONS, November 24 -- Speaking about rape on November 24, the UN and its Secretary General Ban Ki-moon called on governments and particularly men to stop condoning violence against women.
There's a major problem, though: the UN's own peacekeeping Mission in the Congo, MONUC, continues to work with army units which have been accused of mass rape by the UN's own human rights experts. The UN's own Department of Political Affairs has advised keeping in power Guinean dictator Moussa Dadis Camera, even after public rapes by his troops in September 2009.
When Mr. Ban held a forty minute press conference on Tuesday -- with the questions explicitly limited to the topic of violence against women -- one would have expected the controversy about the UN's engagement with Congolese army units accused of rape to be asked about, and Mr. Ban to give an answer.
Before the press conference began, a staff remember from the Office of the Spokesperson for the Secretary General asked for the names of journalists who wanted to ask questions. Inner City Press went up and put itself on the list, the third name on the list.
But during the question and answer session, Ban's outgoing Spokesperson Michele Montas skipped over Inner City Press on the list, took four other non-UN questions ranging from Lebanon to Iran and finally a softball question about why donors don't give the UN more money for this issue. Could it be a lack of credibility?
UN's Ban and outgoing Montas, on MONUC and rape, no questions
Waiting in the hall outside the briefing room were Ban's chief of staff Vijay Nambiar and his counterpart for Deputy Secretary General Asha Rose Migiro. Apparently, the Ban administration thinks it is well served by openly seeking to exclude questions about its and the UN's own performance. And it is not yet clear things will improve.
On November 23, Ms. Montas successor Martin Nesirky came to the briefing room to make a statement downplaying his Korean language skills and their role in his selection, and then refused to take any questions, including afterwards by e-mail (while responding to other journalists' more supportive e-mails).
To Mr. Nesirky Inner City Press has opined, in writing, that if you are going to come make a statement in the UN briefing room, you should be prepared to answer questions on it. Likewise, if the UN is going to preach about not condoning violence against women, it should answer questions such as this one, which Ms. Montas jumped out of the order on her Office's own list not to take:
In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, UN Special Rapporteur Philip Alston issued a report that, for example, a unit of the Congolese Army under Colonel Zimulinda abducted and raped more than a dozen refugees. The DRC government said Zimulinda's unit will continue in the Kimia II operation, and MONUC under Alan Doss has yet to stop assisting Zimulinda's unit. (The Alain Le Roy announced did not concern this unit). In Guinea, Inner City Press understands that the UN Department of Political Affairs is advising that Moussa Dadis Camera remain in power, at least for now, despite the very public rapes committed by his troops. What can the UN do to make sure it does not continue to enable rogue army units named as abusing woman by the UN's own Special Rapporteurs?
Will the UN ever answer this? Watch this space.
Footnotes: in fairness, we note that Mr. Ban himself once made a point of taking a question from Inner City Press, about Afghan election related security, even as Ms. Montas sought to exclude the question. Emphasis on: once.On the issue of sexual violence and courts, we highly recommend Jina Moore's recent writing about such courts in Liberia, on problems of evidence collection and due process. On the flip side, it is widely acknowledged that the UN staffer in Liberia who recently died or committed suicide had long been involved in video taping sex acts with minors. The UN appears to have covered it up. Watch this site.
Decker celebrates Congo school's 50th anniversary
LAS CRUCES - Robert J. "Jim" Decker will be spending his holidays at home in Las Cruces this year, but his thoughts will be with friends in Africa, as a university he helped create in the Democratic Republic of Congo celebrates its 50th anniversary on Thursday.
Decker was the first rector (president), a founder and a continuing supporter of what is now known as Université Protestante au Congo (Congo Protestant University).
"It was then Universite Libre du Congo, in the city of Leopoldville, now Kinshasa," said Decker, 86, sorting through papers and photos in his office in the Institute of Historical Survey Foundation building where he is writing his memoirs.
"When we started, there were 40 students and three colleges: Theology, Law and Business and Administration. Now there are four colleges and 7,000 students, 51 percent of whom are women. In 2006, they started a medical college with 200 students, and 105 of them are women," said Decker, who explained that the university dates its official beginnings to 1959, "when the Faculte de Theologie was established in Elizabethville, now Lubumbashi."
In his memoirs, he describes a tumultuous period in the early 1960s, after the country's independence from Belgium. He writes about a harrowing escape from a military checkpoint where armed guards wanted to detain his daughter after misunderstandings about curfews and credentials.
"I advanced slowly, then mashed the accelerator and was off, expecting to hear shots," before
their escape, he reports.
He and his wife June and their three children, Sondra, Greg and Cynthia, survived an era when safe houses were routinely set up, and 84 foreigners died during the Simba Rebellion.
When conflict forced relocation of the university, they gamely shared facilities and professors with Lovanium University, a Catholic University in Leopoldville.
But "in spite of unrest, in spite of always being on the alert, in spite of uprisings all around the county, we were able to enjoy life. Besides our work with the university, which was demanding and often exhausting, we had good times together," with a cosmopolitan community of friends from throughout the world.
He was asked to stay on as rector after his two-year contract expired, but decided to resign. He witnessed a last bit of history at a final banquet in his honor: "A bomb exploded outside the restaurant: an abortive attempt to assassinate Premiere Tshombe. Fortunately, it was not successful."
After service as regent from 1963 to 1965, Decker was a representative of the Ford Foundation and his family stayed for another two years in the Congo and have not returned since the 1960s.
But since leaving Africa, Decker has been active in generating support and funding for the university in the United States and throughout the world.
"We've raised millions of dollars, and were fortunate to have five supporting sources, churches with missions in the Congo, the California-based Agricultural & Technical Assistance Foundation, the central and provincial Congo governments, European embassies and UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization). Germany funded all but one of our new buildings and Sweden funded our new library."
He recently resigned from long service on the university's North American Liaison Board and his daughter, Sondra, was appointed to take his place. He continues to serve on an advisory council.
Decker and his artist wife June, who taught art during their years in Africa, now consider Las Cruces their home.
"We visited here for about four years as snowbirds and decided to move. Since 2000, we've been permabirds," he quipped.
His African roots and connections are never far from his thoughts.
He was born in Sierra Leone, West Africa, to missionary parents, leaving at age 19 to attend Marion College in Indiana and later earned master's and doctorate degrees in history from Indiana University. He embarked on an eclectic career that included work as an educational missionary in Conga's Katanga and professorial posts in the SUNY (State University of New York) system, was associate dean of students and professor of African history at the University of South Florida, which he helped "successfully launch and expand," and served as a Ford Foundation representative and in educational fund-raising. He was vice president of Muskingum University in New Concord, Ohio, where the Deckers made their home for 32 years.
He regards his work with the Universite Protestante au Congo as the most significant of his career.
"I have always said that I was the first rector (president)," but "Dr. Newell S. Booth, Bishop of the Methodist church of in the Belgium Congo, was the spiritual father of the university and Dr. Ben Hobgood, who retired as rector in 1970, was the real 'father' of the university. Jean Felix Koli became the first Congolese rector and since that time the administration has been Congolese."
As he completes his memoirs, which he hopes may become a book, he's had a chance to reflect on those crucial years, founding an institution that would help bring educational opportunities to thousand of Congolese students.
"I cannot say they were the most enjoyable or pleasant (years) of my life. I can say they were the most productive and satisfying," he said.
S. Derrickson Moore can be reached at dmoore@lcsun-news.com